In JavaScript you can create subclasses (as a child class of another class) with the extends keyword.
The subclass inherits and can extend the properties and methods defined in parent class.
If the subclass has no constructor(), it will be used the constructor() of the parent class.
<div id='ex_res'>Shows response</div>
<script>
//Base class
class User {
constructor(name){
//set property
this.name = name;
}
//method
sayHi(){
return 'Hello '+ this.name;
}
}
//Subclass
class Gamer extends User {
//method that uses the name property defined in parent class
sayBye(){
return 'Goodbye '+ this.name;
}
}
//Usage
//set an object instance of subclass
//it needs an argument because it is used the parent constructor()
let ob_gbr = new Gamer('MarPlo');
//calls the sayHi() method defined in the parent class (User)
var hi = ob_gbr.sayHi();
//calls the method defined in subclass
var bye = ob_gbr.sayBye();
//shows the value of 'hi' and 'bye' in Div #ex_res
document.getElementById('ex_res').innerHTML ='<h3>'+hi+'<br>'+bye+'</h3>';
</script>
The subclass inherits the properties and methods defined in parent class (including static methods).
If there is a constructor present in subclass, it needs to first call super() before using "this".
To rewrite in subclass some properties and methods from parent class, just define them again in subclass.
<div id='ex_res'>Shows response</div>
<script>
//Base class
class Parent {
constructor(name){
//set property
this.name = name;
}
//method
sayHi(){
return 'Hello '+ this.name;
}
}
//Subclass
class Child extends Parent {
constructor(name){
//apply super to include parent constructor and pass in the name parameter
super(name);
//here you can rewrite or define properties
this.site ='CoursesWeb.net';
}
//rewrite method from parent
sayHi(){
return 'From Subclass, site: '+ this.site +'<br>Hello '+ this.name;
}
}
//Usage
//set an object instance of subclass Child
let obj = new Child('MarPlo');
//calls the sayHi() method, rewrited in child class
var hi = obj.sayHi();
//shows the value of 'hi' in Div #ex_res
document.getElementById('ex_res').innerHTML ='<h2>'+hi+'</h2>';
</script>
The super keyword is used to call corresponding methods of super class. It is used when you don't want to totally replace the parent method, but to add new instructions to it.
Classes provide "super" keyword for that.
<div id='ex_res'>Shows response</div>
<script>
//Base class
class Parent {
constructor(name){
//set property
this.name = name;
}
//method
sayHi(){
return 'Hello '+ this.name;
}
}
//Subclass
class Child extends Parent {
constructor(name, site){
//apply super to include parent constructor and pass in the name parameter
super(name);
//here you can rewrite or define properties
this.site = site;
}
//reuse method from parent
sayHi(){
var hi = super.sayHi(); //gets data returned by parent method
//here you can add new instructions
return hi +'<br>From: '+ this.site;
}
}
//Usage
//set an object instance of subclass Child
let obj = new Child('MarPlo', 'CoursesWeb.net');
//calls the sayHi() method redefined in the Child class
var hi = obj.sayHi();
//shows the value of 'hi' in Div #ex_res
document.getElementById('ex_res').innerHTML ='<h2>'+hi+'</h2>';
</script>
<script>
//Base class
class Parent {
//static method
static sayHi(name){
alert('Hello '+ name +' from parent');
}
}
//Subclass
class Child extends Parent {
//redefine the static method
static sayHi(name, name2){
super.sayHi(name); //include the method from parent
alert('Hello '+ name2 +' from subclass');
}
}
//calls the static method from subclass
Child.sayHi('MarPlo', 'Gamv');
</script>
<img src="http://coursesweb.net/imgs/webcourses.gif" width="191" height="63" alt="Courses-Web" />
#id {
font-style: italic;
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}